Monday, 30 November 2020

Twitter Alert

 I saw this article in my Twitter feed this morning. Figure 1 shows a screenshot.


Figure 1: screenshot from Twitter feed

I thought I'd follow the link attached as so I clicked on it, only to be greeted by the following Twitter warning shown in Figure 2:


Figure 2: screenshot of Twitter's warning

Knowledge is a dangerous thing and Twitter has recognised that if you go to this site you may become more knowledgeable! So what is on this potentially unsafe site? Here's the article's headline:

Land Dispossession and Imperialism Repackaged as ‘Feeding the World’

You can click on the link to read the full article but it concludes:

The web that global capitalism weaves in a quest to seek out new profits, capture new markets and control common resources (commonwealth) is destroying farmer livelihoods, the environment and health under the bogus claim of ‘feeding the world’. Those farmers who survive the profiteering strategies of dispossession and imperialism are to become incorporated into a system of contract farming dictated by global agri-food giants tied to an exploitative food regime based on market dependency and corporate control. A regime that places profit ahead of biodiverse food security, healthy diets and the environment.

There are some interesting links within the article: one is to a article in GRAINS, "a small international non-profit organisation that works to support small farmers and social movements in their struggles for community-controlled and biodiversity-based food systems". The article is titled Barbarians at the barn: private equity sinks its teeth into agriculture. Here is an excerpt:

Private equity is only one class of investors taking control of assets in the food and agriculture sphere – from farmland to grain terminals to meat processing plants to food delivery – and transforming realities for farmers, fishers and workers. But it is a powerful class. Though its operations are opaque and barely accounted for, private equity as a sector has grown enormously since the 2008 financial crisis and is becoming more concentrated. It is also becoming increasingly present in the global South.

This trend is part of broader process by which the world of finance – banks, funds, insurance companies and the like – is gaining control over the real economy, including forests, watersheds and rural people's territories. This is called financialisation. Apart from uprooting communities and grabbing resources to entrench an industrial and export-oriented model of agriculture, it is shifting power to remote board rooms occupied by people with no connection to farming, much less local concerns, and who are merely in it to make money.

All of this is quite disturbing and part of an overarching plan to destroy small farmers and drive farmers off the land into smart cities or, if they remain, they remain as serfs. 


There is a good article in grain.org about the growing influence of RCEP:
The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) is a proposed mega-trade agreement that involves 10 countries of Southeast Asia and six of their trading partners. If adopted, it will be the biggest trade deal in the world. RCEP will not just change rules on the export and import of goods and services; it will change how governments decide on rights to land and who has access to it. Therefore, it has the potential to increase land grabbing across Asia – already a huge problem in this region. The implications are far-reaching, with millions of farmers' and fisherfolks' livelihoods at stake in RCEP member countries where the population is struggling to feed itself.

Whether the mega-trade deal goes ahead or not, the trend seems unstoppable. The barbarians are indeed at the barn.

Saturday, 28 November 2020

Morgellons Disease

I was watching a BitChute video on biological warfare and one of the comments caught my attention:

Already happening in the UK, they are spraying Morgellons on us from planes. I've had them for a while. The way to get rid of them is bathe in baking soda and boron and drink colloidal silver. Most people have them but they just don't know it. They affect your immune system and keep you in fear. My body rejected them and they started jumping out of my face. I guess Im one of the lucky ones for working this shit out and removing them. 

I was immediately curious as to what morgellons were as I'd never heard the term before. A conservative, mainstream site WebMD had this to say:

Morgellons is a controversial and poorly understood condition in which unusual thread-like fibers appear under the skin. The patient may feel like something is crawling, biting, or stinging all over. Some medical experts say Morgellons is a physical illness. Others suggest it is a type of psychosis called "delusional parasitosis," in which a person thinks parasites have infected their skin. Your doctor may call it an "unexplained dermopathy," which means a skin condition that occurs without a known reason. Other medical professionals have dubbed the condition "fiber disease."

Morgellons Disease Symptoms

Unpleasant skin sensations are the main complaint. People with Morgellons may also complain of:

  • Feeling like bugs are crawling all over the skin
  • Burning or stinging sensations under the skin
  • Intense itching
  • Skin sores that appear suddenly and heal slowly
  • Sores that leave very red (hyperpigmented) scars
  • Some patients report thread-like fibers stuck in the skin.

People with Morgellons sometimes complain of other symptoms, which may include:

  • Hard time paying attention and concentrating
  • Extreme fatigue
  • Hair loss
  • Joint and muscle pain
  • Nervous system problems
  • Tooth loss
  • Sleep problems
  • Short-term memory loss

Morgellons Disease Risk Factors

In the past, few doctors had heard of Morgellons. But in response to scattered reports, the CDC worked together with several other health care agencies to investigate this condition. Most reports came from California, Texas, and Florida, although patients have been seen in all 50 states. The CDC study found that Morgellons is most likely to affect middle-aged white women. Many of the patients in the CDC study showed signs of being obsessively concerned about health problems in general. This is called somatic concerns. About half of the people in the study had other health problems, including depression and drug abuse.

Controversial Diagnosis

The question of whether Morgellons is a disease or a delusion has prompted debate and new research in recent years. The CDC states that the condition is not caused by an infection or anything in the environment. The CDC study also included a lab analysis of skin fibers in Morgellons patients. The analysis showed that these fibers were mostly cotton, such as typically found in clothing or bandages.

Well, we certainly can't trust the CDC, sometimes dubbed the Center for Disease Creation to get to the bottom of this as they may well have a nefarious hand in its creation and dissemination. We need to look elsewhere to find out what might be going on. However, the WebMD article leaves with the clear impression that the condition is probably imaginary, with most sufferers being depressed, drug-dependent or suffering from psychosis. Geez, the fibers are even made of cotton that has been obviously been shed by clothing or bandages. Nothing to see here, let's move on. The tone of the article really goads me into further investigation. 

A very detailed study was published in February of 2018 titled History of Morgellons disease: from delusion to definition in Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology. In this study, the cotton fiber myth is exposed:

Histological studies have shown that filaments in Morgellons Disease (MD) tissue are not textile fibers, but are biofilaments produced by human epithelial cells and stemming from deeper epidermal layers, upper dermal layers, and the root sheath of hair follicles. MD cutaneous filaments are predominantly composed of keratin and collagen, as determined by histological studies, and appear to be produced by activated keratinocytes and fibroblasts. The base of filament attachment to epithelial cells demonstrates nucleation that is continuous with that of surrounding epithelial cells, indicating that the filaments are of human cellular origin.

This is a very detailed and comprehensive study and quotes 124 references. Here are its conclusions:

The history of MD has taught us that scientific evidence must be carefully considered before a disease is written off as a purely psychiatric disorder. Delusional disorder is a diagnosis of exclusion that requires clinical judgment, and all underlying causes for delusional symptoms need to be ruled out before jumping to erroneous conclusions. Medical practitioners continue to consider MD a delusional disorder, although studies have shown that MD is strongly associated with spirochetal infection. According to the best-available scientific evidence, MD should be considered a dermopathy associated with tick-borne disease. Further study of the genetics, pathogenesis, and treatment of MD is warranted. 

According to this MedicineNet, "a spirochete is a microscopic bacterial organism in the Spirochaeta family that has a worm-like, spiral-shaped form and wiggles vigorously when viewed under a microscope. Treponema pallidum, the cause of syphilis, is a particularly well-known spirochete." So the rigorous scientific study suggests that the disease is real enough and may be caused by a tick-borne sphirochete. Let's now review a personal account from a sufferer.

On PDFDrive we find Nancy's Morgellons Blog (uploaded in 2011) which begins with her saying:

This little book is offered for one purpose only: to present my personal overview from experience with Morgellons Disease and to provide one point of reference for the thousands of other sufferers who are trying to endure this disease.  

Nancy goes on to write:

It needs to be stressed that there is a connection between Morgellons and Lyme Disease. Over 90% of Morgellons sufferers are tested and found to have Lyme Disease. My treating physician is an expert on Lyme and feels that the Lyme precedes Morgellons. The Lyme attacks and diminishes the Immune System/white blood cells and then the parasites are not held in abeyance inside and begin to attack the rest of the body.

Nancy's little e-book is 40 pages in length and is mostly full of treatment options that she has personally applied to her condition. This would be invaluable of course to anyone suffering from the disease. Her experience is nightmarish and a reminder of the damage that Lyme Disease can cause to the immune system. The weakened immune system seems to set the stage for the onset of Morgellons Disease in some people. It is a disease that is becoming more common and needs to be identified as early as possible. At least I now know a little more about it.

Thursday, 5 November 2020

Number 33, Truman and the Bomb

One might think that the topic of 33 might be more suitable for my Mathematics blog but I don't want to treat 33 in purely mathematical terms here and so I'm posting this to my Alternative Media blog. I'd originally posted it to my Pedagogical Posturing blog but I later thought that it should be included here as well. There's a great deal that can be said about the 33 in a non-mathematical context but I want to limit this post's scope by just focussing on Truman and the atomic bomb. Let's begin with Trinity.

Trinity was the code name of the first detonation of a nuclear weapon, conducted by the United States Army on July 16, 1945, as part of the Manhattan Project. The White Sands Proving Ground, where the test was conducted, was in the Jornada del Muerto desert about 35 miles (56 km) southeast of Socorro, New Mexico, on the Alamogordo Bombing and Gunnery Range. The only structures originally in the vicinity were the McDonald Ranch House and its ancillary buildings, which scientists used as a laboratory for testing bomb components. Source. See Figure 1.

Figure 1: Source

So here is our first encounter with 33 in the form of the latitude, 33° N (rounded down to the nearest degree), at which the first atomic test took place. Next we look at the latitudes of the two Japanese cities on which atomic bombs were unleashed. Hiroshima is located at a latitude of 34° 23' N and Nagasaki at 32° 46' N, making for an average of 33° 35' N. Thus we have our second encounter with 33 in the form of the average latitude (again rounded down to the nearest degree) of the two targeted cities. See Figure 2.

Figure 2

Next we'll turn our attention to the person who authorised the bombings. This was of course Harry S. Truman who was the 33rd president of the United States. Now it's getting a little spooky because here we have our third encounter with the number 33 as we count the number of the presidents since George Washington. However, we're not yet finished with Truman.
On October 19, 1945, Truman was given the 33rd degree of the Supreme Council of the Scottish Rite for the southern jurisdiction. He is the only President to have received this distinction, which he considered with satisfaction to be the culmination of his Masonic career. Source.
Definitely spooky and this marks our fourth encounter with 33 surrounding Truman and the atomic tests. On January 20th 1945, Truman became the 34th president but when he was given this Masonic rank he was still the 33rd president. It's interesting to note that Truman regarded himself as the 32nd president when he took office:
Any official list of presidents will show Harry Truman as the 33rd President of the United States. Not everyone agrees with this, however. The most notable dissenter as to the number assigned to the Truman administration was none other than Harry Truman, himself.

Truman, who was not averse to sharing his thoughts on any subject, disagreed with counting Grover Cleveland’s two non-consecutive terms. “If you count the administrations of Grover Cleveland twice because another President held office between Cleveland’s first and second term,” said Truman, “you might try to justify the designation of me as thirty-third President. But then why don’t you number all the second terms of other Presidents and the third and fourth terms of President Roosevelt, and where will you be? I am the thirty-second President.”

Despite this argument, the official proclamation, dated April 13, 1945, issued by President Truman on the death of President Franklin D. Roosevelt referred to Roosevelt as the thirty-second president. Source.

Was Harry trying to be disingenuous? Perhaps. The facts are clear however, and Harry as the (official) 33rd president of the United States authorised the detonation of the first atomic bomb on American soil at the 33rd degree of latitude and later authorised the dropping of atomic bombs on two Japanese cities: one on the 34th degree of latitude and the other on the 32nd degree of latitude, making for an average of 33 degrees. Later that same year he would become a 33rd degree Mason.

The following quote, from Jacques R. Pauwels, author of The Myth of the Good War: America in the Second World War, is a fair assessment of what Truman really was up to: 

Sixty-five years ago, Truman did not have to use the atomic bomb in order to force Japan to its knees, but he had reasons to want to use the bomb. The atom bomb enabled the Americans to force Tokyo to surrender unconditionally, to keep the Soviets out of the Far East and – last but not least – to force Washington’s will on the Kremlin in Europe also. Hiroshima and Nagasaki were obliterated for these reasons, and many American historians realise this only too well.

So Harry murders hundreds of thousands of Japanese civilians, is awarded the highest honour in Freemasonry later in the year and slept well at night for the rest of his life I presume. So it goes. 

Truman found time to relax and rest in his post-presidential years. He was never far from his favourite bourbon and enjoyed clanking glasses with the old friends, political allies, and dignitaries who came through Independence. While his health permitted, he took regular walks around town. He traveled some, including a 1953 auto trip to New York during which a policeman stopped him on the Pennsylvania Turnpike for making an illegal lane change. It was Truman's only attempt at a long drive after leaving the presidency. Harry S. Truman died on December 26, 1972, of old age rather than any specific sickness. Source.

Thursday, 1 October 2020

An Embarrassing Untruth

I was talking with an old friend the other night and we got to talking about how we were both completely taken in by Al Gore's 2006 "An Inconvenient Truth". Here is a little background about this film from a source that is very supportive of the film's premise:

Decade ago, climate change was a huge problem with a small audience. Unless you were among a handful of brave policymakers, concerned scientists, or loyal Grist readers, it’s fair to say the threat of a rapidly warming world took a back seat to High School Musical, MySpace, and whether or not Pluto was a planet (yes, those were all a thing in 2006).

Then, An Inconvenient Truth happened.

Somehow, a film starring a failed presidential candidate and his traveling slideshow triggered a seismic shift in public understanding of climate change. It won Oscars and helped earn Al Gore a share of the Nobel Peace Prize. It injected the issue into policy debates and dinner-table conversations alike.

Did any of this actually “save the world?” OK, you got us. Ten years after the movie’s release, climate change is still a growing threat and a polarizing issue, with record-breaking heat unable to stop skeptics from tossing snowballs on the Senate floor. But we’re also seeing corporate, political, and societal mobilization against the crisis on a scale that would have been hard to imagine 10 years ago, and there’s no question the film played a big part in getting us there.

So how did the movie-makers turn a science-heavy slideshow and unlikely leading man (sorry, Al) into a global force for change? What follows is a behind-the-scenes look at An Inconvenient Truth. As for whether there’s a happy ending, we’re afraid that’s still a bit TBD.

Knowing what we now know, it was a little embarrassing to reminisce about our naiveté. We forgot to ask question like who is Al Gore and what are his connections and affiliations? YouTube started up in early 2005 but it may have only been in 2007 that I first became aware of videos that were challenged the global warming narrative. Around this same time also, many videos appeared that challenged the official 9/11 story. Prior to this, I remember reading a Time Magazine article, in the library of the school where I worked, that explained the alleged structural failures that lead the collapse of the twin towers. I soaked it up and sadly enough accepted the official story. Nowadays of course, I wouldn't waste my time reading any article from Time Magazine but back then I still read the occasional article. 

It's easy to be scornful of people who believe what mainstream media tell them but it wasn't all that long ago that I was not very different. It's sad to reflect that it was not really until my early sixties that I began to wake up to what was really going on. Like many others, I can thank YouTube for my awakening. Now YouTube is actively censoring the sort of content that woke me up but other alternative platforms are emerging to take its place. My key point is that I reached a tipping point after which I viewed everything in the world differently. Once that point is reached, then trust in politicians, the political system, the health "profession", mainstream media, religious leaders, international organisations like the United Nations and so on evaporates. Trust resides only in your immediate circle of close friends and family. Anyone or anything outside that circle is made to earn your trust. It is not automatically granted.

Sunday, 27 September 2020

Fake Food World

Figure 1

While the War on Meat is well underway, it would seem that the War on Coffee has already begun. Figure 1 shows a screenshot  from the website of a company called ATOMO! Molecular Coffee. On the website's opening page it's announced that:
Climate change is causing a world of problems for the coffee industry:
• increased plant disease
• deforestation of the rainforest

Couple that with increased consumption and the math doesn’t look good for conventional coffee.

 Just to reinforce the message, Figure 2 shows a kindergarten-style graphic:

Figure 2

Of course, the process is proprietary, so you won't really know what's in the coffee just as you won't really know what's in the fake meat. Vaccines can be easily added, as this article describes:
Edible vaccines offer cost-effective, easily administrable, storable and widely acceptable as bio friendly particularly in developing countries. Oral administration of edible vaccines proves to be promising agents for reducing the incidence of various diseases like hepatitis and diarrhea especially in the developing world, which face the problem of storing and administering vaccines. Edible vaccines are obtained by incorporating a particular gene of interest into the plant, which produces the desirable encoded protein. Edible vaccines are specific to provide mucosal activity along with systemic immunity. Various foods that are used as alternative agents for injectable vaccines include cereals (wheat, rice, corn) fruits (bananas) and vegetables (lettuce, potatoes, tomatoes). Thus, edible vaccines overcome all the problems associated with traditional vaccines and prove to be best substitutes to traditional vaccines.
This is a disturbing but seemingly irreversible trend. 2020 has shown us that legislation can be passed by governments to prohibit any activity that is deemed undesirable. Raising chickens for their eggs, growing your own vegetables or even collecting rainwater can be made illegal. The following excerpt is from an article titled "Avoiding a Climate Lockdown" and warns of the harsh measures that will be needed now and in the future:

As COVID-19 spread earlier this year, governments introduced lockdowns in order to prevent a public-health emergency from spinning out of control. In the near future, the world may need to resort to lockdowns again – this time to tackle a climate emergency.

Shifting Arctic ice, raging wildfires in western US states and elsewhere, and methane leaks in the North Sea are all warning signs that we are approaching a tipping point on climate change, when protecting the future of civilization will require dramatic interventions.

Under a “climate lockdown,” governments would limit private-vehicle use, ban consumption of red meat, and impose extreme energy-saving measures, while fossil-fuel companies would have to stop drilling. To avoid such a scenario, we must overhaul our economic structures and do capitalism differently.

Many think of the climate crisis as distinct from the health and economic crises caused by the pandemic. But the three crises – and their solutions – are interconnected.

COVID-19 is itself a consequence of environmental degradation: one recent study dubbed it “the disease of the Anthropocene.” 

The climate, health and economic crises are interconnected and the bad habits of the planet's human population are to blame. Stern measures will be needed to save the planet and avert disaster. These measures include faking, in the laboratory, all the food and drinks that humans consume. Predictive Hollywood programming has accustomed us somewhat to the idea because this sort of fake food is what astronauts partake of during long space journeys. 

The fake food industry has little to do with saving the planets and everything to do with control. Control of food production by a few globally approved mega corporations will ensure the goyim's total compliance. If you don't comply, you starve to death. Compliance will be "encouraged" by the addition of secret ingredients to the fake food and drink that is consumed. The "soma" of Huxley's "Brave New World" of course springs to mind. 

Wednesday, 16 September 2020

Up, Up and Away

Nasa goes to Mars in the Netflix series "Away" that I've been watching lately. I had subscribed to Netflix in the past but cancelled my subscription because of the rubbish that was being pedalled. However, my granddaughter was interested in watching certain content on the platform so I renewed my subscription. I like science fiction and so "Away" caught my eye.

Even though it's advertised as a Netflix original, there's nothing very original about the plot: five people on a three year Nasa mission to Mars. The leader is an American, naturally, played by Hillary Swank. The second in command is an Indian male and then a Russian male, a Chinese woman and a black African male. With the Hispanic audience in mind, the daughter of the leader's expedition is paired with a Hispanic boyfriend. 

In case we forget that Hollywood is run by the Jews, an unlikely Jew has been placed aboard the Mars-bound vessel. The black African, who claims to have been born in Africa and who looks and speaks like Sidney Poitier, has converted to Judaism after being adopted by a white English mother. We gather this when he has a linkup with his adoptive mother and she is shown with a Menorah, celebrating Hanukkah while the rest of the crew are celebrating Christmas. 

It's interesting that the black guy makes mention very early in the series about "My God", reminding us that religious Jews, knowing themselves to be God's Chosen People, feel they have a special claim on God. Seemingly they can't bear to conceive of a God whom they share with the rest of humanity and who would be referred to as simply "God". Additionally, the relentless Jewish-driven LGBT agenda is pushed to the fore via the Chinese woman who is involved in a relationship with another Chinese woman but they have not consummated their affair. It remains platonic, presumably so as to not cause too much offence to Chinese viewers.

The Russian cosmonaut in the series is played by Mark Ivanir who has an interesting and impressive resume. From IMDB:

Mark Ivanir has been working as a professional film and television actor in Los Angeles since 2001. His first major film role was in Steven Spielberg's 1993 Oscar winning epic Schindler's List. He rejoined with Spielberg twice, first for a cameo appearance in Terminal, then again for Tintin. A pivotal role in Robert De Niro's 2006 film, The Good Shepherd, landed Mark a role in Barry Levinson's What Just Happened, this time acting alongside De Niro. He has booked over 35 Guest Star and Guest Lead roles on television shows such as: 24, Monk, CSI NY, Law and Order, Fringe, CSI Miami, Nikita and many others.

Ivanir's road to Hollywood was circuitous at best. Born in the communist Ukraine (former USSR), he immigrated to Israel with his family in 1972. While serving in the Israeli Army he participated in the then clandestine mission to bring Ethiopian Jews to Israel. His military experience and expertise has been tapped for various TV and Film roles.

After completing his stint in the Military, Ivanir turned down several job offers from Israel's Secret Service, and gave up studying medicine to pursue a higher vocation-clowning. He completed two years in a Circus school, traveled throughout Europe performing on the streets, and ended up working in a Parisian Circus - Cirque Pawelles. After leaving the circus, Mark entered into formal theatrical training, studying at Israel's top acting school Nissan Nativ, later co-founding a theatre company made up of actors from the former USSR called Gesher Theatre.

Within two years, Gesher became Israel's top theatrical outfit and was hailed by the London Times as "one of the six best theatre companies in the world." Mark performed many different roles, translated and adapted eight plays for the company and performed everywhere from Lincoln Center to the National Theatre in London as well as major stages in Paris, Rome, and Berlin.

After being cast by Spielberg in Schindler's List, Ivanir moved to London to study with Philippe Gaulier and the actors of the Theater De Complicite. During this stint, he landed roles in The Man Who Cried (with Johnny Depp) and Secret Affair which encouraged him to relocate to Hollywood. Tapping his command of Russian, English, French, Arabic, German and Hebrew, Mark has been working consistently in major studio film and television projects in eclectic roles spanning from a Russian spy to an Israeli producer to a German elephant trainer. He lives in LA with his wife and two daughters.

Mark Ivanir is stereotypically Jewish-looking and, if he is playing the part of a Russian then he is clearly a Russian of Jewish descent, although no mention is made of this in the series thus far. So the people with 0.2% of the world's population have a 40% representation aboard the space craft!

The whole plot is formulaic and rather tedious, typical of the dross that Hollywood is turning out nowadays. For someone who doesn't believe humans walked on the Moon, taking NASA seriously is also a stumbling block. In the series, humans have established an above-ground base on there is seamless communication between that base and Earth. Not likely, ever, but don't get me started.

I quite like Hillary Swank as an actress but this science fiction pap is tough to stomach. All this going where no man or woman has gone before gets a little tiresome. I've watched all ten episodes and I notice that a second series in planned. It will be interesting to see how the Jewish religion continues to be portrayed in the series. So far the depiction has been very much from a Judeo-Christian angle, playing on its Old Testament roots, which is the way to go if you're wanting the goyim to warm to the religion. The reality is that, after Jesus, Judaism morphed into the far less goyim-friendly, Rabbinic-Talmudic form that exists to the present day.

The Hispanic character, played by Adam Irigoyen, is Catholic and even takes his girlfriend, played by Talitha Eliana Bateman, to midnight mass in one episode. Given the visceral antipathy that Jews feel toward the Catholic religion, one can only suppose that commercial interests (pandering to the Hispanic audience) have prompted a thus far sympathetic depiction of Catholicism. Nonetheless, it is our Jewish convert who is leading prayers aboard ship. 

Monday, 14 September 2020

Jewish Rebellion Against Rome

There are many Israelis who are fervently intent on rebuilding the Temple in Jerusalem. To understand their motivation, it is important to have some understanding of the history associated with this temple  and the struggle of the Jewish people against their Roman oppressors at the time. Here is a quote from the Ancient History Encyclopaedia on the Bar-Kochba Revolt:

The Bar Kochba Revolt (132–136 CE) was the third and final war between the Jewish people and the Roman Empire. It followed a long period of tension and violence, marked by the first Jewish uprising of 66-70 CE, which ended with the destruction of the Second Temple, and the Kitos War (115-117 CE). In many ways, the Bar Kochba Revolt differed markedly from its predecessors. For the first time, the Jews presented a united front against Roman forces and fought underneath a single charismatic leader, the eponymous Simon Bar Kochba (also given as Shimon Bar-Cochba, Bar Kokhba, Ben-Cozba, Cosiba or Coziba). It was marked as well by strong religious passions, with many apparently believing that Bar Kochba was the promised messiah who would lead the Jewish people to final victory against their enemies.